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Pipeline

Sr. No.	Application Area	Fastener Types	Primary Functions	Materials Commonly Used	Key Performance & Regulatory Factors
1	Mainline Pipe Segments & Girth Joints	Weld Studs, Clamp Bolts, Stud Bolts, Alignment Pins	Secure pipe ends before welding Facilitate alignment and assembly of pipe segments	Carbon steel (API 5L grades), coated for corrosion resistance	Must comply with API, ASME B31.4/B31.8 (for liquid and gas pipelines) Ensuring proper alignment critical to prevent weld defects
2	Flanges & Connectors	Flange Bolts, Studs, Gaskets, Clamp Connectors	Join pipeline sections, valves, and fittings Maintain high-pressure and leak-proof seals	Carbon steel (B7/B16) with hot-dip galvanizing or Xylan® coatings, stainless steels where needed	NACE MR0175 compliance for sour service Proper torqueing avoids flange leaks Regular inspection and re-tightening if required
3	Valve Stations (Block/Isolation Valves)	Stud Bolts, Bonnet Bolts, Sealing Screws, Gland Fasteners	Secure valve bodies and actuators Ensure reliable sealing and operation for flow control	Alloy steels with plating, stainless steel, sometimes Monel®	API 6D (pipeline valves) Must withstand pressure surges Periodic maintenance to prevent leakage or valve sticking
4	Pump & Compressor Stations	High-Strength Bolts, Couplings, Lock Washers	Fasten pump or compressor casings, impellers, bearings Resist high vibration and pulsation	High-tensile steels (B7/B16), possibly chrome-moly, corrosion-resistant coatings	Must meet API 610 (pumps) / API 617 (compressors) Subject to thermal and vibration stress Frequent torque checks for reliability
5	Metering & Instrumentation	Small Screws, Mounting Brackets, Threaded Inserts	Secure flow meters, pressure transmitters, SCADA panels Protect sensitive electronics in harsh environments	Stainless steel, plated steel, sometimes polymeric fasteners	Compliance with IP/NEMA enclosure ratings EMI/RFI shielding for instrumentation Must be tamper-proof or sealed in hazardous areas
6	Pig Launchers & Receivers	Closure Bolts, Lock Pins, Quick-Release Fasteners	Provide removable closures for pipeline pigging Maintain pressure containment during pig loading/unloading	High-strength carbon steel, coated or plated for corrosion	ASME Section VIII for pressure-containing closures Frequent use in pipeline maintenance cycles Must ensure quick access while maintaining high safety
7	Pipeline Support & Anchoring	U-Bolts, Anchor Bolts, Hanger Rods, Clamps	Hold pipeline in place, absorb expansions/contractions Protect against sagging, stress, and movement	Galvanized/carbon steel, stainless steel (for corrosive environments)	Designed per ASME B31.4/B31.8 for supports Must accommodate thermal expansion Regular inspections for fatigue or corrosion
8	Branch Connections & Tees	Reinforcing Pad Bolts, Saddle Clamps, Stud Bolts	Attach lateral lines or branch outlets Reinforce pipeline where additional flows or instrumentation are installed	Carbon steel with anti-corrosion coating, sometimes stainless steel inserts	API or ASME design for pressure integrity Potential for flow turbulence at branch points Must handle added stress from extra piping loads
9	Subsea & Offshore Pipelines	Flange Connectors, Clamp Connectors, Seal Bolts (with ROV interfaces)	Join undersea pipeline segments and manifolds Resist extreme pressure, corrosive seawater, and subsea currents	Super duplex stainless steel, Inconel®, titanium (for high corrosion resistance)	DNV-OS-F101 or similar offshore pipeline standards Requires ROV-friendly (Remotely Operated Vehicle) designs Cathodic protection often used to reduce corrosion
10	Emergency Shutdown (ESD) Systems	Quick-Release Pins, Shear Bolts, Specialized Locking Mechanisms	Facilitate rapid isolation of pipeline sections Minimize product release in emergencies	High-tensile steel, specialty coatings	Must comply with pipeline safety regulations (e.g., DOT for gas, local regs) Fail-safe design for quick activation Periodic testing to ensure system readiness

Key Highlights for Pipeline Fasteners

Regulatory & Code Compliance: Oil and gas pipelines must align with API, ASME B31.4 (liquid pipelines), ASME B31.8 (gas pipelines), and NACE standards (sour service).
High-Pressure & High-Stress Environments: Pipeline fasteners must endure internal pressures, temperature fluctuations, and external forces like soil movement or subsea conditions.
Corrosion & Sour Service: Coatings (zinc, epoxy, Xylan®) and alloy choices mitigate corrosion. NACE MR0175 compliance is critical for H₂S-rich or “sour” gas pipelines.
Leak Prevention & Sealing: Proper torqueing, gasket selection, and routine inspection are vital to avoid fugitive emissions and ensure pipeline integrity.
Maintenance & Accessibility: Pig launchers, valve stations, and other components require periodic inspection; fasteners should allow secure yet accessible operations for routine and emergency tasks.

By selecting robust materials, appropriate coatings, and fastener designs—and adhering to stringent pipeline industry standards—operators ensure safe, reliable, and cost-effective pipeline operations over its lifecycle.

Pipeline

Key Highlights for Pipeline Fasteners

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